Communication and Assessment in Nursing Essay

The structure of this paper is intended to show the significance of relationship focused correspondence. Anyway it will start with a concise meaning of the fundamental ideas natural for the subject of restorative correspondence, particular helpful medical attendant patient relationship. From that point, it will concentrate on verbal and nonverbal correspondence, tuning in, getting, compassion and significant parts of secrecy and protection. IntroJust as science sciences were embraced as the twentieth century clinical model, patient’s point of view into a relationship-focused correspondence has been proposed as fitting for the 21st century. It is the clinical discourse that gives the major vehicle through which the clash of points of view is pursued and the restorative relationship is characterized (Roter D. 2000). In numerous respects, the essential test to the field is the improvement of helpful correspondence that will give a legitimate portrayal of the remedial relationship (Craven and Hirnle 2000). The reason for this exposition is to investigate the ramifications of helpful interchanges in the idea of the patient-nurture relationship and its demeanor in routine of clinical practice. Restorative correspondence is characterized as the up close and personal procedure of communicating that centers around propelling the physical and enthusiastic prosperity of a patient (http://tpub.com/content/clinical ). Correspondence is a fundamental procedure while giving socially capable nursing care and it must be restorative in nature to be powerful. It includes the utilization of methods, for example, utilizing quiet, offering self, repeating, reflecting, and looking for explanation to give some examples. Remedial correspondence includes showing a certified enthusiasm for the individual conveying that is exhibited trough the utilization of a loose and agreeable body act. Helpful correspondence requires the parts of sympathy, positive respect, and a positive feeling of self (Craven and Hirnle 2000). Be that as it may, no single definition might catch the rich and complex natureâ of the connections among patients and attendants. Every relationship is particular, in light of the fact that both patient and attendant are unmistakable and the manner in which they interface and relate is one of a kind (Parbury 2006). The helpful medical attendant/customer relationship remains at the center of wellbeing nursing. Through the foundation of this relationship, medical attendants are unmistakably fit as specialists to lead customers toward achieving their wellbeing objectives (Parbury 2006). Remedial connections among patients and attendants are framed in most of circumstances. In this kind of connections nurse’s point of view is basically that the patient is a patient, yet there is additionally acknowledgment and comprehension of the patient as the individual (Parbury 2006). There are scarcely any similitudes between the remedial relationship and fellowship. It’s imperative to both to have worth, cordiality, trust, care, trustworthiness and regard. A few contrasts in qualities and mentalities can upset both just as helpless correspondence methodologies. A sentiment of fulfillment is critical to both and furthermore transference (includes customers emotions and acting toward the advisor as they did to others before, mother/father for instance) can happen in both ( Craven and Hirnle 2000). Let’s investigate contrasts between the remedial relationship and fellowship. Agreement. An agreement understood on misuse is normally haggled among customer and laborers and may incorporate installment together they concede to. Cutoff points are set while in kinship there is normally no fiscal prize or agreements traded (Craven and Hirnle 2000). Points. In helping relationship there are explicit objectives. Kinship then again, doesn't generally have settled upon objectives, it’s typically unconstrained. Core interest. Helpee’s needs are the focal point of consideration in the helping relationship-the assistant transiently sets aside close to home needs. Interestingly, companionship for the most part implies that common needs are met in sharing manner (Beck and Polite 2004). Time. Restorative relationship require time that is arranged, restricted and here and there planned. What's more time is limited and maybe haggled by an agreement. Time in companionships is generally unconstrained and will in general have less cutoff points (Parbury 2006). Objectivity. Restorative connections necessitate that the assistant endeavors to be objective, and to act in client’s eventual benefits. Objectivity is for the most part outlandish in companionships because of the way that personal responsibility is generally central (Gladys, Husted and Husted 2001)Acceptance. The partner attempts to acknowledge the customer in remedial relationship in this way can comprehend the conduct of forcing worth and decisions. Then again fellowships for the most part end when contrasts in qualities or interests become excessively incredible. After effectively tuning in to a patient it is normal for a medical caretaker to react verbally. The nurse’s beginning verbal reactions set the bearing for additional communication. Since there is an assortment of potential approaches to react, attendants must guarantee that their verbal reactions move the relationship an ideal and planned way (Parbury 2006). Decision of the reaction depends on knowledge into how it might influence the patient, the collaboration and the relationship. A medical attendant who has this knowledge and mindfulness is in the best situation to react in the way that the two matches the current circumstance and understands the response’s wanted expectation (Parbury 2006). Nonverbal reactions are significant and the capacity to perceive and decipher this sort of reactions relies on predictable improvement of perception abilities. As we keep on developing in our job and duties in the medicinal services group, both clinical information and comprehension of human conduct will likewise develop (Beck and Polit 2000). Our development in both information and understanding will add to our capacity to perceive and decipher numerous sorts of nonverbal correspondence. Our affectability in tuning in with our eyes will become as refined as though worse than-tuning in with our ears (Roter 2000). Most much of the time, the relationship and correspondence among persistent and nurseâ begins with a meeting, during which the attendant gathers appropriate information about the patient (Parbury 2006). The adequacy of a meeting is impacted by both the measure of data and the level of inspiration controlled by the patient (Parbury 2006). Elements that upgrade the nature of a meeting comprise of the participant’s information regarding the matter viable; his understanding, disposition, and listening abilities; and our thoughtfulness regarding both verbal and nonverbal signals. Politeness, understanding, and nonjudgmental mentalities must be common objectives of both the interviewee and the questioner (Roter 2000). Understanding a patient’s experience, that is, seeing the world from patient’s point of view is one of the most basic parts of interfacing and building connections in nursing (Parbury 2006). In quiet medical attendant relationship it is the nurse’s duty to make shared understanding simpler, which would be the premise of significant cooperation. Shared comprehension requires time, exertion, responsibility and aptitude. It very well may be trying for one individual to comprehend and welcome another person’s reality. Tuning in and compelling going to would offer capacity to the attendant to build up a comprehension of the patient’s experience (Parbury 2006). Viable listening exhibits open acknowledgment of the patient, and urges the patient to connect. Tuning in to the patient and observing how he tunes in. Seeing how he gives and gets both verbal and nonverbal reactions. At the point when medical caretakers tune in, simply tune in, they give cautious consideration to what they hear and watch, they center around what is communicated by the patient and they attempt to figure out what the patient is meaning. Viable listening requires receptivity, supported fixation and sharp perception. The aptitude of listening is key and essential to tolerant medical attendant relationship (Ooijen 2000). Listening pervades the whole relationship; if significant relational associations are to happen, listening must be occupied with all through each cooperation in helpful relationship (Parbury 2006). The aptitudes of explanation are utilized at whatever point medical attendants are dubious or uncertain about what patients are stating. Explanation is frequently accomplished trough the utilization of examining aptitudes. On occasion a repetition of what a patient has said is a powerful methods for explaining (Parbury 2006). Different occasions, medical caretakers explain what a patient has said by sharing how they may feel, think and see the circumstance in the event that they were the patient. Reflecting sentiments is valuable as well, since it passes on the nurse’s acknowledgment of sentiments and affirms the presence of feelings. At the point when used to gather data, remedial correspondence requires a lot of affectability just as aptitude in utilizing talking with abilities (Roter 2000). To guarantee the recognizable proof and explanation of the patient’s musings and emotions, we, as the questioners, must watch his conduct. By utilizing the abilities of understanding medical attendants can show up at realizing what patient is encountering and in this way are in a superior situation to be compassionate. Sympathy is the capacity to see the world from another person’s view, and assume the viewpoint of another, while not losing one’s own point of view (Parbury 2006). The capacity to enter to another person’s experience to see it precisely and to see how the circumstance is seen from the client’s viewpoint is significant in helpful correspondence. By utilizing helpful correspondence, we endeavor to learn as much as possible about the patient according to his disease. To achieve this learning, both the sender and the beneficiary must be deliberately mindful of the classification of the data revealed and got during the commu

Difference Between Wie and Als

Contrast Between 'Wie' and 'Als' In German,â wieâ means as.  The wordâ alsâ also implies as. Its no big surprise that individuals learning German get confounded between the two. Fortunately, in the event that you can remember two basic standards, at that point you can ace the distinction and proceed on your way toward German fluency.â The Mistake Wie (qualifier/combination) is frequently utilized rather than als (just a combination) and the other way around. For instance, wrong use may peruse: Er ist gró §Ã® ²er wie sein Vater. (Proposed to state: He is taller than his father.)Dieses Auto ist teurer wie mein letztes. (Intended to state: This vehicle is more costly than my last one.) The right method to express these sentences would be: Er ist gró §Ã® ²er als sein Vater.Dieses Auto ist teurer als mein letztes. Whats the Difference? In spite of the fact that both wie and alsâ are utilized when contrasting two things or individuals, recollect that: Wie is utilized exclusively when the two things looked at are equalAls is utilized just when the things thought about are inconsistent. Would you be able to Say Als Wie? There is likewise the propensity, even among Germans, to utilize the two als wie together in an expression when looking at two things. For instance, one well known trademark for the attire store KiK states Besser als wie ​man denkt. (Better than you think.)Grammatically right, this should peruse: Besser als man denkt. Theâ wie is superfluous and incorrect.â Attempt This Memorization Trick So how might you recall whatâ wie and als represent when looking at two things? Attempt this remembrance stunt: anders als:â different than On the off chance that you recollect als with the other A-word and that it implies extraordinary, at that point you realize you can't embed als for wie, which is utilized when looking at two equivalent (not unique) things.

Facebook Addiction Essay

Facebook has come to be presumably the most regularly utilized person to person communication site, almost 50% of Facebook’s clients see their profiles each day. A portion of the clients spend a nonsensical measure of their time on Facebook, whiling the hours away unnoticed, while errands to go incomplete, and in any event, setting off to the degree of disregarding loved ones in reality. Albeit a lion's share of the countless individuals use Facebook as a person to person communication gadget, it has a few of adverse effects, for example, social detachment, correspondence issues, and medical issues which significantly sway the lives of the clients. While Facebook enslavement issue or Facebook habit are not restoratively acknowledged terms, the reality of addictive conduct on Facebook is a mounting worry for scores of Facebook clients, and one that psychoanalysts are seeing all the more consistently in their patients. As per Fenichel, on the off chance that you have discovered that sharing, interfacing and learning through Facebook has supplanted all roads of learning and conveying and in your life, it is a likelihood that you have Facebook dependence Disorder. There are an assortment of ways which can be utilized to battle Facebook fixation. Reference suggested that a fanatic should: Understand the manifestations of Facebook dependence and declare that it is important to make changes, reconsider your needs, invest more energy with loved ones to keep your brain off the PC, search for another outlet throughout everyday life or learn new things, limit the measure of time spent checking your record, rather than utilizing Facebook to speak with your companions, send them instant messages or call them in order to lessen the time spent on the web, and ultimately look for proficient assistance (Fenichel). Facebook as another wonder is digging in for the long haul, be that as it may, as this paper has appeared, a ton of care should be taken in the utilization of it in people’s regular daily existences. Facebook effectsly affects a person’s life which can't be messed with. This paper has likewise indicated that in spite of the fact that Facebook fixation is a genuine issue. Nonetheless, it isn't all fate and despair as there are suitable cures which can be utilized so as to defeat Facebook enslavement.

Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice

Asian female big names and Caucasian men, has gotten one of the most widely recognized interracial matching in America. The pattern is ascribed to inspirational and intellectual partiality that a specific individual has towards their partner. Bias radiates from an exceptional inclination for a specific individual because of race, nationality, societal position, or sexual direction. Such factors have alleviated Asian ladies to favor Caucasian men to their Asian male counterparts.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, Caucasian men incline toward Asian females because of their exceptionally evaluated sagacity, great body physic and social intuitiveness. What's more, Asian females are supposed to be agreeable in nature. Any individual who gets himself an objective of the diverse dissatisfactions will safeguard himself as seeking after his preferences as opposed to guided by the ethnic generalizations. This developing pattern makes an unevenness in interracial blending and both the Asian and Caucasian men have communicated their failure. The Asian female and Caucasian male interracial blending wonder is credited to the inspirational wellsprings of preference that exist among the gatherings in question. This reality is unmistakably expounded in the disappointment and hostility, and the social personality hypotheses. Moreover, dissatisfaction and hostility is additionally ordered into the reasonable gathering struggle hypothesis and the substitute hypothesis. The reasonable gathering hypothesis is showed in the way that Caucasian men are striking back at the cutting edge women's liberation depicted by the Caucasian females. Most Caucasian men accept that their partners articulate for present day women's liberation, whose primary motivation is equivalent rights for ladies, and in the process wind up defaming the guys. Starting and supporting of associations with the Caucasian females becomes mind boggling and awkward driving the Caucasian guys to fall back on Asian females who are progressively hopeful (Myers, 2010). Besides, the Caucasian men who can't contain the manly job that the Caucasian ladies play seeing someone divert to ladies from other social foundations. They predominantly favor the Asian females. In such manner, Asian females acquire inclination in light of their alleged agreeable nature credited to the male predominance seeing someone from their societies. Strikingly, such attributes advanced by convention and culture are viewed as socially in reverse and need an incentive in the American norms. The substitute hypothesis clarifies a portion of the reasons that constrain Caucasian men to lean toward Asian females to the Caucasian females. Most Caucasian men with specific shortcomings in their character favor strength in relationship. In this manner, people with such characters resort to Asian fe males whose culture advocates for accommodation in a relationship. With this alternative, the Caucasian men can maintain a strategic distance from the accuse games that are pervasive in relationship with ladies who advocate for the sex job equality.Advertising Looking for exposition on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Asian ladies without a doubt become a definitive option where Caucasian men can practice their hostility. Regardless of how the Asian females get presented to the American culture, their way of life despite everything overruns not at all like others from various foundations. This has in this way significantly added to the fast increment in the Caucasian men’s’ inclination to the Asian ladies. The social personality hypotheses suggest that people have social gatherings and classifications that structure a significant part in their self-idea. The individual characters depicted by both the Caucasians and the Asians mirror the requirement for gatherings, relationship with the in-gatherings and correlation with the out-gatherings. The majority of the youngsters who have a place with both the Caucasian and Asian foundation are impacted by their partners to follow a similar way, contributing altogether to the pattern. Albeit various allegations may emerge that Caucasian men are exploiting the Asian ladies, their inclination is ascribed by the way that Asian ladies are more genteel. Then again, Asian women’s inclination for the Caucasian men is ascribed to their requirement for progressively open minded and socially fit men. These ladies rapidly call attention to that the Asian men are confined by their smothering society, which compels them to decide on men who are probably going to give them more opportunity. Taking into account that most connections are started at school levels, most Asian men are scholastically engaged and restrict themselves to the study h all work constraining the Asian ladies to go for Caucasian men. In spite of their splendor, they don't invest a lot of energy on learning basic abilities of setting up and looking after connections (Gilbert, 1998). Notwithstanding the social qualities that associate individuals, the Asian men feel disposed of when the Asian ladies incline toward the Caucasian men to them. Asian ladies have built up an idea that their men are geeky and for the most part reasonable for the karate-cleave activities. These belief systems are for the most part advanced by the media, which will in general give more kindness to the Caucasian men as speaking to the American norms. The magnificence of men as depicted by the media is spoken to as far as characters, for example, being keen, athletic and social. Media because of its impact on individuals has enormously changed the longing for ladies to go for common men, however select men who fit the American principles. Such predisposition favors the Caucasia n men in charming the Asian ladies. The certainty showed by the Caucasian men makes them progressively alluring to ladies. A slow decrease in the quantity of Asian ladies dating Asian men makes an awkwardness since barely any Caucasian ladies go for Asian men. Asian guys are hindered in such manner and are commonly seen as ugly to suit the ladies requests. Because of the persistent appearance of Asian ladies at the center of attention as speaking to the American excellence, the previously established inclinations that at first existed concerning them are presently being disposed of. This has affected their inclination among Caucasian men not at all like the Caucasian ladies who are more independent.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attribution, uniqueness and categorisation are the intellectual wellspring of partiality. Categorisation is pervasive and has cons iderable effect on the Caucasian male and Asian ladies interracial pairings. With the impression of the Caucasian men as being permissive, grateful and deferential, they are increasingly good for the Asian ladies contrasted with their rivals, the Asian men. The rating of the Caucasian men by the Caucasian ladies as fitting admirers and accomplices makes an attitude among ladies that they are the perfect men for connections. Most Caucasian men discover Asian ladies appropriate as a result of the way that the free Caucasian ladies are generally shy of time, engrossed and not enthusiastic seeing someone (Baron, 2000). In such manner, the examined view of the allure of the Caucasian men and Asian ladies relationship makes an origination that different associations are not viable. To keep away from the conceivable frustrations in different associations a great many people pick the tried examples. Homogeneity impact assumes a critical job in the matching of the Caucasian men and Asian fem ales. At the end of the day the observation held by ladies that every Asian man are indistinguishable makes an error in the development of relationship. Steady loss alludes to the stereotypic belief systems held by individuals that what happens is reasonable. For most Caucasian men, there is a thought that Asian ladies are perfect for them and in this way a dominant part of them go for these ladies. Asian ladies then again see the qualities of the Asian men as void and frail in framing steady and pleasant connections. Uniqueness attitude among the Caucasian men makes consideration and structures wrong judgment of the reasonable accomplices that they ought to have. On an enormous degree, it has encouraged inclination in the making of perfect and suitable connections. Besides, both the Asian men and Caucasian ladies have likewise agreed the pattern and communicated frustrations and pity for the gatherings in question. References Baron, R. A., Byrne, D. E. (2000). Social brain science (ninth ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Advertising Searching for article on brain science? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Gilbert, D. T., Fiske, S. T., Lindzey, G. (1998). The handbook of social brain research (fourth ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill ; Myers, D. G. (2010). Social brain science (tenth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. This article on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice was composed and put together by client Ignacio Grant to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Riath Free Essays

Owen Marshall utilizes creature symbolism of a camel to depict Mr Thorpe in the short story ‘Requiem in a Town House’. The utilization of this creature symbolism through metaphors pulls in and keeps up the perusers consideration since it causes the peruser to identify for Mr Thorpe. The peruser needs to peruse on to know why he resembles an old camel, what has prompted this and why he is seen thusly. We will compose a custom exposition test on Riath or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now ‘Mr Thorpe stood vulnerably by, similar to an old skinny camel’, ‘like a camel whose injured articulation is above it all’. These instances of creature symbolism from the content make a picture of Mr Thorpe like an old camel. Camels are known to be huge, unbalanced and moderate moving, so the correlation with the older Mr Thorpe is a negative one. Camels are additionally regularly put on act at Zoos and such places where they live in little nooks, a lot littler than they are utilized to. The correlation with Mr Thorpe is dispiriting and dehumanizing to older individuals yet additionally causes the peruser to feel empathy and compassion towards him as he is living in a little house a lot littler than he is utilized to and is limited simply like an old camel. The creators design was to emphasize the ensnarement that Mr Thorpe feels in the town house. This causes the perusers to notice how old individuals are treated in the public eye, frequently put to the side and their suppositions overlooked, diminishing their estimation of life. Creature symbolism is similarly utilized in Disconnections to draw in and keep up the reader’s enthusiasm through the estrangement of elderly folks individuals, particularly towards the older lady, the primary character. The woman has quite recently experienced a stroke and the more seasoned she’s become her memory is blurring. The doddery lady can't bolster herself as she strolls. Since the time the terrible stroke, she has gotten drowsy. She is very much aware of her family’s assessments of her government assistance and it causes her to feel reluctant about herself. The lady needs to stroll into a room where her family sits sitting tight for her to come in â€Å"watch her crawling her wayward leg forward, an unbalanced stick-grasping crab. † This analogy shows how the elderly person strolls, cumbersome, and firmly jointed like that of a crab. It likewise features her troublesome day by day battle to do things that we underestimate in our own life. Creature symbolism is stretched out all through the content depicting her development being like that of a crab’s. â€Å" As I crab into the room. † Sue McCauley adequately utilizes creature symbolism to feature the numerous battles that elderly individuals need to experience every day and the amount we have to value the capacity we have contrasted with that of an old individual. She raises the issue of estrangement numerous older feel as they are avoided from society and their family no longer need to care for them, however just look down at them. Owen Marshall utilizes the imagery of the love seat to speak to Mr Thorpe in the Town House. Imagery of the lounge chair is utilized to keep up the perusers enthusiasm all through the short content. â€Å"In the corner was an overwhelming love seat that had been gotten from the homestead, yet wouldn’t fit in the house. † Like Mr Thorpe the lounge chair doesn’t fit in the Town House; there is a bad situation for it, the love seat would disrupt everything similarly as Mr Thorpe does. â€Å"Mrs Thorpe built up the propensity for sending her significant other out to hang tight for the post. It prevented him from blocking doorways†¦ The lounge chair is put away in the carport and is substantial strong and gathers dust. Mr Thorpe winds up investing a lion's share of his energy in the lounge chair in his carport, rather than in his town house that his significant other has constrained upon him in his retirement: â€Å"as his depression developed, he would go stra ightforwardly to the sofa, and loosen up. † On the love seat lies a military cover and a weaved pad. The military cover has been with Mr Thorpe through various challenges. The love seat is loaded with history and was darling simply like Mr Thorpe. Much the same as the sofa, Mr Thorpe is futile you could state; he also sits idle however gathers dust. The carport is the main spot where Mr Thorpe can feel like he isn’t being squashed by the tasteless Town House. â€Å"As his sadness developed he would go legitimately to the lounge chair, and loosen up with his head on the old weaved pad. † By contrasting Mr Thorpe with an old, uneven love seat this keeps up enthusiasm for the peruser attracting interest concerning why the correlation is being made. The author’s motivation behind utilizing this image is to speak to Mr Thorpe as an outsider from society. Mr Thorpe has been expelled into the shadows of the Town House simply like the sofa is ousted into the dim carport. Mr Thorpe speaks to everybody who feels outsider and simply like another old household item in a cutting edge Town House. McCauley, likewise utilizes the imagery of the catches in Disconnection as a procedure to help draw in and keep up the peruser in featuring the impacts on how she is easing back losing her fantasies on having the option to take care of herself and she is simply longing to live in her own home. The imagery of the catches is assisted with revealing how much the catches intend to her and help her to remain as a general rule and hold her short memory. ‘The catches are excessively little. Excessively little. They crawl away from my fingers, from my cumbersome finger and thumb.. ‘ The peruser begins to see it’s not the catches getting littler, however that she is gradually beginning to lose hold of her life and is beginning to battle with the straightforward things in life like doing up the catches. The reason for existing is to show how she is losing control of her co-appointment, yet not just that she is beginning to lose control of her life, she has no voice and her family will be the ones that pick her future. The imagery of the title likewise draws in and looks after peruser. On such a large number of levels, the peruser perceives how the narrator’s life is separated. All through the story we see that she is having separations with her family, her appendages, neurons and her recollections. We discover that all she needs is her autonomy and opportunity of her own home yet whenever she finds the opportunity to state what she needs, her psyche goes clear and she neglects to bode well. â€Å"You were my babies’ I announce†¦. I understand I am making no sense†¦ They have no clue what I’m attempting to state and regardless of whether I proceeded to clarify they wouldn’t understand†. The peruser sees that her last opportunity to get her lone expectation has been insufficient and she has lost grasp of her life, and nobody else will have the option to have the opportunity and care to have the option to assist her with her last wish. McCauley shows how different characters in the story know that this not the proper thing to do, however they are not giving her a decision they are prepared to move on. This technique is successful as it is a solid method of drawing in the peruser to peruse on the grounds that they need to see how elderly individuals are estranged from the remainder of the world. The intention is to show how elderly folks individuals in todays world truly have no expectation in getting their last wishes as the adolescent need to continue ahead with their own life and don’t have the opportunity to care for them any longer. The most effective method to refer to Riath, Papers

Types of Psychological Theories

Types of Psychological Theories Theories Print Types of Psychological Theories By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 29, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on February 03, 2020 Verywell / Colleen Tighe More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is a Theory? Purposes Types Examples Importance View All Back To Top The term  theory  is used with surprising frequency in everyday language. It is often used to mean a guess, hunch, or supposition. You may even hear people dismiss certain information because it is only a theory. It is important to note as you study psychology and other scientific topics that a theory in science is not the same as the colloquial use of the term. What Is a Theory? To the average layperson, the word theory means something of a guess. It might be true, or it might not be. But the word has a very different meaning in the realm of science when researchers are talking about empirical research that is back by scientific evidence. While the parlance of everyday language suggests that a theory is just a hunch, it is important to understand that the word has a very different meaning in science. In science, a theory is not merely a guess. A theory is based on a  hypothesis  that is backed by evidence. A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon. A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable. Scientists can test the theory through empirical research and gather evidence that supports or refutes it. Scientific American listed theory as one of their seven most misused scientific terms.?? It is these misconceptions about the terms meaning that leads people to dismiss topics such as evolution and climate change as merely theories despite an abundance of overwhelming scientific evidence. A scientific theory presents an explanation about some aspects of human behavior or the natural world which is supported through repeated testing and experiments.  This means that scientists have repeated these experiments and replicated these findings. They have also collected evidence that supports the theory. Many different researchers have gathered evidence that supports the theory. Purpose of a Psychology Theory In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. A psychological theory has two key components:It must describe a behaviorIt must make predictions about future behaviors Throughout  psychologys history, a number of theories have been proposed to explain and predict various aspects of human behavior. Some of these theories have stood the test of time and remain well-accepted today. Others have not held up under close scientific scrutiny and may have been rejected altogether or only partially accepted by researchers today. Each theory has helped contribute to our knowledge base of the human mind and behavior. Some theories such as  classical conditioning  are still well-accepted today.?? Others, like Freuds theories, have not held up so well and have been mostly replaced by new theories that better explain human development. The overall strength of a scientific theory hinges on its ability to explain diverse phenomena. What makes a theory so different from a mere guess or hunch is that a theory is testable. As new evidence and research are added, a theory may then be refined, modified, or even rejected if it does not fit with the latest scientific findings. Types Different of Psychological Theories There are many psychology theories, but most can be categorized as one of four key types: Developmental Theories Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. If you have ever wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior, understanding these theories can provide useful insight into individuals and society. Developmental theories provide a set of guiding principles and concepts that describe and explain human development. Some developmental theories focus on the formation of a particular quality, such as  Kohlbergs theory of moral development.?? Other developmental theories focus on growth that happens throughout the lifespan, such as  Eriksons theory of psychosocial development. Grand Theories Grand theories are those comprehensive ideas often proposed by major thinkers such as  Sigmund Freud,  Erik Erikson,?? and  Jean Piaget. Grand theories  of development include  psychoanalytic theory,  learning theory, and  cognitive theory. These theories seek to explain much of human behavior but are often considered outdated and incomplete in the face of modern research. Psychologists and researchers often use grand theories as a basis for exploration but consider smaller theories and recent research as well. Mini-Theories Mini-theories describe a small, very particular aspect of development. A mini-theory might explain relatively narrow behaviors, such as how self-esteem is formed?? or early childhood socialization. These theories are often rooted in the ideas established by grand theories, but they do not seek to describe and explain the whole of human behavior and growth. Emergent Theories Emergent theories are those that have been created relatively recently and are often formed by systematically combining various mini-theories. These theories often draw on research and ideas from different disciplines but are not yet as broad or far-reaching as grand theories. The  sociocultural theory  proposed by theorist  Lev Vygotsky  is a good example of an emergent theory of development.?? Examples Some of the best-known theories of psychology focus on specific branches within psychology. Some of these include: Behavioral Theories Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Advocated by famous psychologists such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behavioral theories dominated psychology during the early half of the twentieth century.?? Today, behavioral techniques are still widely used in therapeutic settings to help clients learn new skills and behaviors. Cognitive Theories Cognitive theories of psychology are focused on internal states, such as motivation, problem-solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention. Such theories strive to explain different mental processes including how the mind processes information. Humanistic Theories Humanistic psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s.?? While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems, humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of the major humanist theorists included Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Personality Theories Personality psychology looks at the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that make a person unique. Some of the best-known theories in psychology are devoted to the subject of personality including the trait theory of personality, the big 5 theory of personality, and Eriksons theory of psychosocial development.?? Social Psychology Theories Social psychology is focused on helping us understand and explain social behavior. Social theories are generally centered on specific social phenomena, including group behavior,?? prosocial behavior, social influence, love and much more. Why Theories Matter In your  psychology courses, you may find yourself questioning how necessary it is to learn about different psychology theories, especially those that are considered inaccurate or outdated. However, all of these theories provide valuable information about the history of psychology, the progression of thought on a particular topic and a deeper understanding of current theories. By understanding how thinking has progressed, you can get a better idea not only of where psychology has been, but where it might be going in the future. Studying other scientific theories provides a background in what researchers understand about how the natural world works. A solid scientific education can help you make a better sense of what researchers mean when they talk about scientific research as well as improving your understanding of how scientific explanations for behavior and other phenomena in the natural world are formed, investigated, and accepted by the scientific community. While the debate continues to rage over hot topics such as climate change and evolution, it is worthwhile to study science and the theories that have emerged from such research, even when what is often revealed might come as a harsh or inconvenient truth. As Carl Sagan once explained, It is far better to grasp the universe as it really is than to persist in delusion, however satisfying and reassuring. A Word From Verywell Much of what we know about human thought and behavior has emerged thanks to various psychology theories. For example, behavioral theories demonstrated how conditioning can be used to learn new information and behaviors. Some theories have fallen out of favor, while others remain widely accepted, but all have contributed tremendously to our understanding of human thought and behavior. By learning more about these theories, you can gain a deeper and richer understanding of psychologys past, present, and future.

Educator of the Year

In my 8th grade year I was always looking forward to going to DMA. I knew DMA was the right place for me to go for high school. When I walked into DMA for the first day of school, the first thing that I noticed was MSGT Kevin Howie. He was the first thing I noticed because he is very tall, muscular, and has a booming voice. When I walked into my 5th period class, I have MSGT Howie as my teacher for Naval Science. The class is for learning about NJROTC and the military aspects but also it’s for physical fitness. I have learned a lot about all of this, but I have learned even more from MSGT Howie. Once I got the chance to write about someone for Educator of the year, I knew it should be MSGT Kevin Howie. I think a lot of the students including me like MSGT Howie because he teaches passionately. He is an amazing teacher with the military aspect of the school but is also awesome at teaching us life lessons and what we need to focus on during our lives. He also tells us many storie s about what happened during his life and gives us life examples of what to do and those stories make going to his class very fun. He did not fall into the trap of drugs and other bad things and always tell us why not to do that stuff because he cares for us. He is a great example of how to live your life. When he teaches, he teaches with power in his voice to get the meaning of something to us. He does it for the better of us, and even though it’s hard teaching teenagers, he does it well. It might be his booming voice or his huge presence, but he quickly catches all of our attention. But it also might be because of how much respect we have for him for not only serving in the Marines but taking time to teach us. When he is giving us advice on life lessons, we all talk about it, and we express our feelings about the topic which also makes his class fun. On the first day of school MSGT told us that he will always support us if we need anything. He said he will treat as if we we re family and that really hit home for all of us. He is a role model for all of us and we can go to him for anything. He wants us to succeed in life; he wants to see us achieve our goals. Now that I have been in his class many times now and about to end the freshman year I am sure he deserves this nomination. He motivates us and wants us have the best life we can. He cares for us and no matter what, and he will always be there. He is an amazing teacher that everyone looks up to and respects. MSGT is the best educator I have ever had by far which is why I nominate him for educator of the year.

Profile of Top 5 Ceo in the Philippines - 4291 Words

Profile of Top 5 CEO in the Philippines 1.- Data show that 49-year-old Federico Lopez earns the most both in terms of monthly salary and total compensation in 2011. In the 30-company PSEi list, Lopez is head of two firms: First Gen Corporation (FGEN) and Energy Development Corporation (EDC). As Chairman and CEO of FGEN, his basic monthly salary is around P1.79 million. Yup, that’s P1.79 million basic salary per month. He receives another P1.19 million per month as bonus and additional compensation. All in all, he gets more than P3 million every month as FGEN’s chief executive. The same position in EDC gives him an additional P1.4 million every month. Considering only these two companies, Lopez earns roughly P4.4 million monthly —†¦show more content†¦Honors include World Economic Forum Global Leader for Tomorrow in 1995; Emerging Markets CEO of the year in 1998 (sponsored by ING); Philippine TOYM (Ten Outstanding Young Men) Award in 1999 and Management A ssociation of the Philippines Management Man of the Year Award in 2006. Most recently, Mr. Zobel was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit on March 11, 2009 by Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo for enhancing the prestige and honor of the Republic of the Philippines both at home and abroad. - On September 27, 2007, Ayala Corp. chair Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala was conferred the Harvard Business School’s highest honor, the Alumni Achievement Award, byDean Jay O. Light. The award was also given to: Donna Dubinsky, A. Malachi Mixon of Invacare, Sir Martin Sorrell of WPP Group and Hansjorg Wyss of Synthes. Zobel de Ayala received his MBA from HBS in 1987. Zobel de Ayala was cited for â€Å"his innovative, entrepreneurial style of management (that) has benefited both Ayala and an island nation that faces significant social and economic challenges. He is the first Filipino to receive this prestigious award. - The Philippine Legion of Honor with rank of GrandShow MoreR elatedBusiness Information Project - MGMT 301 – Spring 2014 Company Industry Research/Analysis600 Words   |  3 Pagesleading global supplier of filtration, separation and purification products. It is divided into two businesses: Life Sciences and Industrial, and is headquartered in Port Washington, New York Hoovers Hoover’s, Inc. (2014). Pall Corporation. [company profile]. Retrieved April 10, 2014, from Hoover’s database. answer1Pall Corporation (Pall) is a B2B company that is vertically integrated in the filtration industry. It also deals with filtration complements, namely separation and purification. The companyRead MoreBanco de Oro Swot Analysis3685 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2. Profile of Banking Industry Sector 2.1 Players---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-6 2.2 SWOT Analysis----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-8 3. Challenges/Issues/Problems of the Banking Sector--------------------------------------------- 9-13 4. Profile of BDO 4.1 Products----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15Read MoreSun Life Assurance Company Of Canada1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthree firms – Bentall Kennedy, Prime Advisors and Ryan Labs – that each brings leading capabilities to Sun Life Investment Management. Top Officers 1. James H. Sutcliffe ( CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD ) 2. Dean A. Connor (PRESIDENT CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER ) 3. Kevin P. Doughertyï ¼Ë†President, SLF Canadaï ¼â€° 4. Stephen C. Peacherï ¼Ë†President, Sun Life Investment Managementï ¼â€° 5. Mark S. Saundersï ¼Ë†Executive Vice-President Chief Information Officerï ¼â€° 6. Daniel R. Fishbeinï ¼Ë†President, SLF U.S.ï ¼â€° 7. Colm J. Freyne(ExecutiveRead MoreFacebook Addiction Study6315 Words   |  26 PagesFriend (Villaraza, 2007). Nowadays, online networking is not only about friendship, but also about different possibilities which it provides to its users. Friendster, which is one of the social networking sites to look for friends, ones dominates Philippines in terms of social networking but as we go to the trend, Filipinos have moved on to Facebook, which is currently the biggest and the most popular among social networking sites (Abaà ±o, 2010). It is said that Facebook had become a part of our lifeRead MoreStarbucks s Strategy Behind Its Great Success4035 Words   |  17 PagesAbstract Starbucks has been considered the top provider of the finest coffee bean and coffee drinks in the world. Anyone who loves a good cup of coffee knows that Starbucks is the top choice. No matter where you are in the world, you will see an inviting Starbucks store with this amazing aroma of freshly roasted and brewed coffee, nicely lighted space, great seat lay-out, free wi-fi, and just a comfortable space to hang out. The baristas behind the green apron are wondering people delivering nothingRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Capital6173 Words   |  25 PagesResponsibility and Emergent Models in Management of Stakeholder Capital in Philippine Conglomerates Serafin D. Talisayon Fifth International Research Workshop on Asian Business Singapore Management University, Singapore 13 April 2009 Abstract The paper adopts a social benefit-cost analysis framework to look at three stages in the historical development of management of stakeholder capital of corporations in the Philippines. The first two stages were government-driven. Stage One is internalizationRead MoreCase Analysis8274 Words   |  34 Pages   Table of Contents Cover Page  1 Table of Contents  2 Part I. Case Research  3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. Company Profile  3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1. Vision, Mission, Objectives and Strategies  7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2. Developed Vision and Mission statements  8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B. Issues  10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C. Interview  11   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   D. Solution  12 Part II. Analysis  15   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. Organizations external opportunities and threats  19   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B. Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM)  20   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C. External Factor Evaluation (EFE)  21   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   D. Internal Strengths andRead MoreFigaro Coffee5549 Words   |  23 PagesSECTION 2 MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION FIGARO COFFEE COMPANY Figaro  -  Head  Office 5 Pine Street Corner Sheridan Street, Mandaluyong City02 637 5969 | Corporate Vision * We will be the preferred brand of specialty coffee of the international business traveler. Our products and unique style of service will leave a lasting impression among our customers. * We will be the investment of choice in the countries where our brand is represented thereby providing attractive returnsRead MorePepsi Cola Philippines Feasibility Study5554 Words   |  23 PagesTrucking Business Plan Project/Business Introduction Pepsi Cola Products Philippines, Inc. Company Overview We are the BEVERAGE COMPANY OF CHOICE - preferred by customers, trade partners, investors amp; employees of the Philippines. As such, we continuously delight them by offering quality beverages at best value, for every drinking occasion. We are a happy team in our workplace as we build a sustainable and profitable business, providing healthy financial rewards to our shareholders, and opportunitiesRead MoreFinancial Preparation for Retiring Educators in Davao City2624 Words   |  11 Pagesdon’t have any knowledge on managing, selecting and preparing their self in terms of retirement. In the Philippine setting SSS (for private workers) or GSIS (for public workers) benefits are those funds that we are currently contributing, and those funds reinvested by the SSS or GSIS to earn interest. This earning will serves as operating fund to nurture and support the pensioners in the Philippines. Raymund Camat (2013), Stated that we younger generation doesnt think about securing ourselves for retirement

Private School Scandals and Controversies

Every school, public or private, has had its share of unpleasant news. With many private schools and boarding schools having histories that span hundreds of years, its highly likely that in some fashion, each school has some skeletons in its closets. Public schools have scandals, too, but private schools tend to be the focus of the media because of their independent status and tuition rates. What kind of scandals happen at schools? Everything from bullying and hazing to sexual misconduct and embezzlement scandals. Each school will handle the scandals in their own way, but the goal is to protect the victims, the other students, and faculty at the school, and the schools reputation.   The most recent headlines have involved sex abuse scandals at private schools, and with many of these institutions dating back hundreds of years, very few have squeaky clean pasts.  Many of these scandals that hit the media are the result of past actions being brought to light years later, in some cases decades later. The schools that handle these cases the best are those that provide support for their students and alumni and work to ensure that their campuses today are safe and supportive for students.  Background checks, particularly for staff and faculty, are common practice in most schools today. Even the best schools are sometimes met with controversy. Its the way a school deals with these crises that is the best measure of its competence. The best ones recognize how important it is to deal with bad news promptly. They know that the Internet, including social media, and cell phones will spread rumors as quickly as you can text your classmates. They also know that members of the media are lurking just waiting for some juicy morsel about an elite school to surface, so they can fan the flames of indignation and mock self-righteousness. Scandals are not limited to private schools, though, and can be found at schools of all kinds, including public schools and even top colleges and universities. The safety of students is the utmost concern of school officials, and most schools take swift and serious action when transgressions are discovered. Heres a brief look at some incidents which have occurred in private schools over the years. June 2017:  The Boston Globe  reported on Phillips Exeter Academy and its protests by students because of the lack of response to accusations of racially insensitive comments by faculty.  May 2017:  New York Post published an article about a student at Kent School in Connecticut, who alleged abuse by her French teacher, who she claimed seduced and abused her repeatedly.April 2017:  USA Today reported on the investigations into Choate Rosemary Hall and its four-decade long history of abuse involving more than a dozen teachers.  March 2017:  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Philips Exeter uncovered instances of sexual misconduct from five former faculty members.June 2016: Top Administrators Fired at William Kochs Elite Private School:  According to the  New York Times, Billionaire William Koch fired the head of school at Oxbridge Academy and declined to renew the contracts of the athletic director and the football coach. The moves came after a sexual harassment complaint and an internal inves tigation into accusations of kickbacks, grade-changing, excessive spending and violations of the rules governing high school sports.May 20​16:  Boston Globe Releases Article, Private Schools, Painful Secrets:  This article focuses on sexual abuse at private schools in New England. Including Fessenden, Deerfield, St. Georges, Taft, Exeter, Thayer, and Concord.May 2016:  New York Time Reports on Sex Abuse at Private Schools:  Focuses on private schools in New England, including St. Georges, Taft, Exeter, Thayer, and Concord.  January 2016/October 2016:  In January, Connecticut newspapers reported on an  evacuation  of a dormitory at Cheshire Academy, a boarding school in Connecticut, after gasoline was found on campus. No one was hurt and students were allowed to re-enter the dorm that same night. In October, however,  reports from local papers revealed  that two juvenile boys were arrested for attempting to manufacture bombs in the woods near the main campu s.  Headmaster Scandals:  This article from  Town Country  outlines five private school scandals involving heads of schools. From murder and mysterious finances to drugs and abuse, these ordeals read like a script from Hollywood.  Parents Sue Conserve School Trustees:  Read Conserve School Changes From 4 Year High School to 1 Semester Model to understand how the economic downturn of 2009 has wreaked havoc on one private schools endowment to the point where the trustees are changing the schools business model. The parents of current four-year high school students were not happy with that decision and have sued the trustees.Five Hockey Team Members Expelled from Milton Academy:  Milton Academy rocked by expulsions  is a Boston.com story detailing how five members of the Milton Academy hockey team were expelled for receiving oral sex from a 15-year-old sophomore girl.Parents Sue Miss Porters School Over Expulsion:  At a Prep School, the Gloves Are Off  details what happened when a prestigious Connecticut girls school expelled a senior student.School for Scandal:  Groton was rocked by accusations of sexual abuse and hazing in a  2002 story reported on ABCNEWS.Rector of St. Pauls School Retires:  The Rector of St. Pauls School, Concord, New Hampshire,  retired  after an outcry regarding what many alumni considered to be  excessive expenditures  on renovations to the Rectors housing as well as a lavish compensation package for himself and his assistant.  In the fall of 2004 St. Pauls also had to deal with a  drowning  and a hazing incident in addition to all the controversy over excessive spending and the investigation by the New Hampshire attorney general.Sex Scandal Hits Selwyn House:  I wrote  about  this story  in May 2008. This incident hit home as this Montreal boys school occupies the building which was Westmount Senior High School when I attended it in 1960-61.Counterfeit Currency Scheme Uncovered at Lower Can ada College:  It seems that internet gambling debts forced some LCC students to print money to cover their balance.Academy X:  Horace Mann teacher Andrew Trees was fired for his fictional account of life in a private school,  Academy X.Death of Student at The Hill School:   Suicide scatters grief and guilt in every direction. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the close-knit world which is a boarding school  community.  The headmaster and staff dealt with this very sad incident with compassion and sensitivity.Upper Canada College Teacher Found Guilty of Sex Charges:  It was a sad day for UCC when former master Doug Brown was found guilty of sexually abusing 18 former students. One of those students released a memoir article in 2013 that appeared on the  Toronto Life site.Incoming Students at The Landon School Caught in Embarrassing Activities: Incoming Landon boys apparently were creating  a list of girls  they knew in a bizarre sort of draft selection process . Naturally the girls parents were upset.    Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Supply Chain Management Systems ( Scm ) Systems - 1776 Words

Supply Chain Management Systems Supply chain management (SCM) systems have been a new and steady buzz word from late last century up to today. Large companies depend on SCM systems to reduce cost and increase revenue. This article explores the relevant use of SCM systems in today’s business world through different means of analysis, such as SCM performance, variables associated with cost and revenues, and business, supplier and customer relationships. It advocates for their use and provide quantitative analytics to support their position. Claim This article claims that suppliers and buyers are inextricably tied together in acquiring raw materials, creating finished goods, and selling products to the consumer, all while measuring†¦show more content†¦Their warrant implies that when an ideal and predictable product-driven business effectively implements and uses a SCM system, its future tends to be more profitable (Ramdas Spekman, 2000, p. 3). This warrant tends to be inherently true for most businesses in ideal operating conditions of consistent demand and supplier relationships. Its warrant is further judicious since it is not broadly stating all businesses, but rather captures the intent of a business with steady demand in place and a long term deliverable product for consumers. This warrant cannot be trumped due to the fact it is currently a unique business operating concept that is very in depth in all facets of a business model from inception to sale of a given product (Booth, Colomb, Williams, 1995, pp. 15 6-158). Research Methodology Before one can deduce the reason and evidence associated with each claim in this article, one must understand the research method behind it all. This article is very clear in data collection. It surveyed six broad industry groups across three different continents by utilizing a questionnaire, in which it had a 75% response rate, of which, 85% were valid. Within this sample of six industries were customer firms, suppliers, and operations and marketing personnel. They distributed the results of the data into six categories that focused on inventory, time, order fulfillment, quality, customer focus, and customer satisfaction (Ramdas

The Importance Of Nursing For Their Patient s Spiritual...

Nursing is a profession that involves caring for people from many different religious, cultural, ethnic, or racial backgrounds. The world is full of unique individuals. All people have needs, however in nursing, most of these needs are physical and/or psychosocial; but spiritual needs are important and should not be overlooked. Since patients do need spiritual care, nurses have a unique opportunity to minister to the needs of their patients. Nurses also may find themselves in a position that calls for them to minister to the family and friends of their patients. There are differing opinions of how nurses should care for their patient’s spiritual needs. I will discuss why nursing should include spirituality in their efforts to delivering holistic care to their patients. Keywords: Nurses, Spirituality, Religion, Holistic, Transcendence, Ethics The Role of Spirituality in Health Care Spirituality can be seen in everyday life as well as in the areas of philosophy, literature, sociology, and health care. Many scholastic programs have begun offering courses in spirituality, religion, and health. Many nursing schools have incorporated spirituality and holistic health care into their curriculums. Meeting the spiritual needs of our patients should be as important to health care providers as meeting their physical, mental and emotional needs. Statement of Understanding Laube (2016) wrote that to her â€Å"spirituality means believing in a higher power. This higher power may be aShow MoreRelatedHolistic Nursing Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesHolistic assessments in nursing provide a unique quality of care to the individual patient. Holism in the provision of care includes assessments obtaining data about the physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, developmental, cultural and environmental aspects. It is imperative that the nurse conducting these assessments adopts methods in the nursing process that reflects the standards outlined in Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council National Competency Standards for the RegisteredRead MoreSpirituality Is Essential Part Of The Health Care And Healing Practice1600 Words   |  7 Pagesspirituality in our patients is an essential part of the health care and healing practice. The International council of Nurses recognized the importance for nurses to promoted spirituality in their Code of Et hics, ?In providing care, the nurse promotes an environment in which the human rights, values, customs and spiritual beliefs of the individual, family and community are respected.? (International Council of Nurses, 2012). Spiritual beliefs can have a profound impact for the individual?s state of mindRead MoreHolistic Health Assessment : Nursing1492 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopmental, spiritual and cultural needs. Without an assessment, a nurse would not be aware of the health problems affecting this patient, know what patient education is needed or know how to treat this patient with the appropriate treatment regarding their cultural or spiritual needs (Lewis Foley 2011). A lack of nursing assessment would be like asking an everyday citizen to perform open-heart surgery, a nurse with proper education, training, and assessment skills can perform nursing duties thatRead MoreTheories That Contribute to the Dignity of Nurses and Patients715 Words   |  3 Pagescontributes to and en hances the dignity of both nurses and patients is that of Jeanne Watson who recognized the tendency of nurses to relapse into demotivation for their job and into trivializing it or seeing it as a mechanical set of duties. Watson recommends that we see nursing as an art rather than as an obligation to cure and that we turn back to the remembrance of our original desire for wishing to become a nurse. The duties of nursing, she proposes, has turned us from motivation (or body)Read MoreNursing : A Concept Idea Called The Nursing1535 Words   |  7 Pages What is Nursing? Nursing does not have a simple definition, it is rather a mix of complex ideas. Nursing is not only the practice of providing care for the sick and injured but caring for the whole person beyond the physical state. Nursing is providing mental care by interacting with families and assuring them of quality care. For this reason, people in the field of nursing need to be outstanding communicators and relationship oriented by showing empathy and professionalism. They need to be advocatesRead MoreSpiritual Assessment Essay1534 Words   |  7 PagesSpiritual Assessment NUR 645E Grand Canyon University April 3, 2013 Abstract Evidence has linked a strong relationship between spirituality and medicine. There is a positive correlation between a patient’s spirituality or religious commitment and health outcomes. A spiritual assessment as a part of a health assessment is a practical step to incorporating patient’s spiritual needs into practice. The FICA Tool and HOPE Questions provide serve to assist clinicians in the spiritual assessmentRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1652 Words   |  7 Pagesto concentrate on a nursing theorist, Florence Nightingales , as well as my personal philosophy of nursing. The essay will paper further explore the personal nursing philosophy I plan to implement in my nursing career. The paper will also compare and contrast my philosophy with the ones of Florence nightingales and will integrate Betty Neuman s system model with my philosophy. The implementation of the four meta-paradigm concepts of person, health, environment, and nursing will be throughou t thisRead MoreEnd of Life Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Spiritual, religious, and cultural beliefs and practices play a significant role in the lives of patients who are seriously ill and dying. Attention to the spiritual component of the illness experienced by the patient and family is not new within the context of nursing care, yet many nurses lack the comfort or skills to assess and intervene in this dimension. Spirituality contains features of religiosity, but the two concepts are not interchangeable (Puchalski, Lunsford, HarrisRead MoreI Must Describe Myself As A Denial About My Own Death1360 Words   |  6 Pageschoices. Currently, I wish to take out my advance directives and review and update them as necessary. This is due to the fact that this course has taught me the importance of deciding how I would like to die. I have no control over when death may occur, but I can choose which life-sustaining interventions I wish to have, if any. Today, patients are living longer with chronic illnesses due to advanced medicines and technologies. However, with more life-sustaining interventions and increasing health careRead MorePulse Home Health Care, Inc.1113 Words   |  5 PagesSt. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany, and Tangipahoa. Locally owned and operated, Pulse’s multi-disciplinary team of professionals consists of: Skilled Nursing, Home Health Aides, Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapists. Naturally, there is a physician Medical Director and physicians who rotate admitting/discharging patients, taking call and giving orders for each office, Mandeville and Metairie locations. Pulse offers Orthopedic Rehabilitation, Fall Injury Prevention, Wound Care, Stroke

Business Intelligence Free Essays

Business Intelligence (BI) is a set of theories, methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information for business purposes. BI can handle large amounts of information to help identify and develop new opportunities. (https://enterprisetechnologyconsultant. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Intelligence or any similar topic only for you Order Now wordpress.com/2013/02/07/what-is-business-intelligence-bi/) Today, Business Intelligence is one of the most important issues in business firms such as business analysis because business intelligence plays an active role in companies’ decision making processes. Every day, in companies, from the smallest unit to the largest one, numerous decisions are made in each department. The fastest way to make these decisions is to increase the size of the company from day to day. In other words, most companies use Business Intelligence to access and reach the information necessary to increase their profits further and succeed in their strategies, to store that information, and to store and analyze the stored information.In the past years, companies have been decided on the data obtained by data mining, but technology is getting more and more day by day and the data that we have are continuing to increase. Social media is one of the biggest share of data increase and emerging technology. Every day, every second through channels in social media, people produce and share countless content, such as videos, pictures, music and short stories. ‘We are Social’ is a digital report about Internet use in the world for 2017 as it is every year. According to this report, in 2007, 3,773 billion people are using the internet all over the world. ( https://wearesocial.com/special-reports/digital-in-2017-global-overview) According to the research done, the worldwide data is increased by 50% every 3 years. Companies are having difficulty in preparing reports, processing and analyzing using raw data in such large data collection. In a fast-developing world, companies are demanding faster and more accurate decisions in a competitive environment, and to be able to adapt to change. Therefore, in order for the raw data to be useful information, there was a need for a method to adapt to new technologies and developments, with the exception of old methods, so that Business Intelligence emerged.With the increasing popularity of business intelligence, many professions have formed such as process analysis, process design, business management and data mining. These professions have differences according to the sectors, so the business intelligence system — must be prepared in a comprehensive and good way. In order to be able to prepare and apply in a good way;It is easy and fast to adapt according to the needs and each sector.It serves all departments in companies.Must have appropriate data models.Users should be able to report on their request at the appropriate time. Business Intelligence Applications Business intelligence applications include business analytics, reporting, querying, decision support systems, forecasting and olap. In a competitive environment, each sector adds value and gives advantages to the company.Independent research firm Gartner publishes a list of market assessments each year in order to answer the most common business intelligence application by making assessments based on various criteria in the field of business intelligence and divides the list into four main segments. According to this, the most common and market leader is business intelligence applications; According to Gartner, leading business intelligence platform providers include: IBM, Oracle, SAP, SAS, Microstrategy, QlikTech, Information Builders. (http://tr.intellium.com.tr/kurumsal-performans-yonetimi/is-zekasi-nedir-ne-ise-yarar-en-yaygin-is-zekasi-uygulamalari-nelerdir/)For business intelligence applications; Need is determined Analyze: First, the decision-making styles of the companies are analyzed. The information that allows them to make quick decisions should pay attention. Also, how to present the information, such as a definable table or report. Technical solutions and architectural designs are mad Data warehouse is designed and data is managed Analyzes are made on the data and the necessary reports are taken It builds infrastructure and performs studies for large data. Useful Info Conversion Process Data Data is raw data that can be quantified, classified and counted with the most general definition. In order for the information to be transformed into information, it is first collected and classified from media such as social media and newspapers. Once classified, the edited and processed data is transformed into useful information. For example, a list is created based on the employees’ surnames and is stored for later use. Information Transaction processing creates information. When information occurs, unnecessary information is set up. As a result of this arrangement unnecessary information is being taken, companies’ decision making processes progress more quickly. At the same time information is the answer to questions such as who, where, when, how, what, how many. Information has a much richer content. Besides, there are processes such as formatting and editing in the information, while the data has a scattered structure. For example, a table can be created that analyzes the list sorted by employees’ surnames and includes only the number of employees, genders, or ages. At this point, the average age of the employees of the company will be revealed, and here we will turn it into information. Knowledge Information wisely transformed with analysis, experimentation and interpretation. The concept of information is a more complex concept than data and informationKnowledge is information that is more specific, specialized, and interpreted than the information that comes from personal knowledge and experience with resources from information accumulation. (135) Knowledge must have a targeted, detailed and easily understandable format. How to answer the question. As a result, if it is desired that the information is useful, it must be communicated to the right person in the right place at the right time. If information is desired to be useful, that information must be related to the desired subject, correct, timely, incomplete, and accessible. Wisdom Wisdom is to act according to information and needs. Data, information and information are the results we have achieved at the end of the completed process. These results can be decided by making logical evaluations. It is the stage of discovering wisdom. How to cite Business Intelligence, Papers Business Intelligence Free Essays A Seminar Report on BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE Prepared by: Guided By: Arpan Solanki Prof. Yagnik A. Rathod 100410107063 Assistant professor TY C. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Intelligence or any similar topic only for you Order Now E SVIT-VASAD Certificate Date: /11/12 This is to certify that Mr. Arpan Solanki ID No: 10- CEG-66En No. 100410107063 of programme Computer Engineering [Third Year,5th Semester] has satisfactorily completed his term work in course Seminar [150705] for the term ending in November,2012. Staff in-charge: Head of Department: Mr Yagnik A. Rathod Mrs Bijal Talati Asst. Professor HOD Computer EngineeringComputer Engineering C. E. DepartmentC. E. Department SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY VASAD-388306, GUJARAT–INDIA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Every work owes its success to many people. Likewise, the successful completion of our Project Report could not have been possible without the co-ordination and support of our college SVIT. I am thankful to Mrs Bijal Talati (HOD of CE department) for his constant inspiration and valuable guidance which helped us to complete the Project satisfactorily. His inspirational remarks from time to time enabled us to complete the report in stipulated time period. He provides us needed help and facilities for carrying out test for our program. I am thankful to Mr Yagnik Rathod for constantly inspiring us and providing us required details and help on regular intervals, which helped us to reach our goal on time. I am also thankful to the whole Computer Department for their unbounded cooperation and support. ABSTRACT Business intelligence (BI) refers to computer-based techniques used in spotting, digging-out, and analyzing business data, such as sales revenue by products and/or departments, or by associated costs and incomes. BI technologies provide historical, current, and predictive views of business operations. Common functions of business intelligence technologies are reporting, online analytical processing, analytics, data mining, business performance management, benchmarking, text mining, and predictive analytics. Business intelligence aims to support better business decision-making. Thus a BI system can be called a decision support system (DSS). Though the term business intelligence is sometimes used as a synonym for competitive intelligence, because they both support decision making, BI uses technologies, processes, and applications to analyze mostly internal, structured data and business processes while competitive intelligence gathers, analyzes and disseminates information with a topical focus on company competitors. INDEX CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1. Defination†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 2. History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 3. Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 4. Business Intelligence Tools†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Fig 4. Architecture Of BI†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. Success Factor Of Implemention†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 5. 1 Business Sponsership†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 5. 2 Business Needs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 5. 3 Amount and Quality Of Availabel Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 6. User Aspect†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7. Market Place†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 7. 1 Industry-Specific†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 8. Semi-structured or Unstructured data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 8. 1 Semi-structured vs Unstructured data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 8. 2 Problems With Semi-structured or Unstructured data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 8. The Use Of Matadata†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 9. Uses and Examples BI†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 9. 1 Which Type Of Company Use It?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 9. 2 Examples Of BI†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦. 15 10. Benifits and Disadvantages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 10. Benifits†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 10. 2 Disadvantages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 11. Future†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17 12. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 19 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 0 1. DEFINATION Business intelligence (BI) is the ability of an organization to collect, maintain, and organize knowledge. This produces large amounts of information that can help develop new opportunities. Identifying these opportunities, and implementing an effective strategy, can provide a competitive market advantage and long-term stability. [ The goal of modern business intelligence deployments is to support better business decision-making. Thus a BI system can be called decesion support system(DSS). Though the term business intelligence is sometimes a synonym for competative intelegence(because they both support decision making), BI uses technologies, processes, and applications to analyze mostly internal, structured data and business processes while competitive intelligence gathers, analyzes and disseminates information with a topical focus on company competitors. If understood broadly, business intelligence can include the subset of competitive intelligence. BI is broad category of applications, which include the activities of †¢ decision support systems query and reporting †¢ online analytical processing (OLAP) †¢ statistical analysis, forecasting, and data mining. 2. HISTORY In a 1958 article, IBM researcher Hans peter luhn used the term business intelligence. He defined intelligence as: â€Å"the ability to apprehend the interrelationships of presented facts in such a way as to guide action towards a desired goal. † Business intelligence as it is under stood today is said to have evolved from the decision support systems that began in the 1960s and developed throughout the mid-1980s. DSS originated in the computer-aided models created to assist with decesion making and planning. From DSS, data warehouses, Executive information system, OLAP and business intelligence came into focus beginning in the late 80s. In 1989, Howard Dresner proposed â€Å"business intelligence† as an umbrella term to describe â€Å"concepts and methods to improve business decision making by using fact-based support systems. † It was not until the late 1990s that this usage was widespread. 3. BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND DATA WAREHOUSING Often BI applications use data gathered from a data ware house or data mart. However, not all data warehouses are used for business intelligence, nor do all business intelligence applications require a data warehouse. To distinguish between the concepts of business intelligence and data warehouses, Research often defines business intelligence in one of two ways: Using a broad defination: â€Å"Business Intelligence is a set of methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information used to enable more effective strategic, tactical, and operational insights and decision-making. When using this definition, business intelligence also includes technologies such as data integration, data quality, data warehousing, master data management, text and content analytics, and many others that the market sometimes lumps into the information management segment. Therefore, Forrester refers to data preparation and data usage as two separate, but closely linked segments of the business intelligence architectura l stack. Forrester defines the latter, narrower business intelligence market as, â€Å"†¦ referring to just the top layers of the BI architectural stack such as reporting, analytics and dashbord. 4. BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE TOOLS Operational Data Source: Business Intelligence system collects data from various sources including operation database, ERP, legacy apps, external database and etc. ETL tools (Extract, Transform, Load) are used to pull data from source database, transform the data so that it is compatible with the data warehouse and then load it into data warehouse. A Data Warehouse is a â€Å"Subject-Oriented, Integrated, Time-Variant, Nonvolatile collection of data in support of decision making†. Data Warehouses tend to have these distinguishing features: (1) Use a subject oriented dimensional data model; (2) Contain publishable data from potentially multiple sources and; (3) Contain integrated reporting tools. A data mart is a repository of data gathered from operational data and other sources that is designed to serve a particular community of knowledge workers. The data may derive from an enterprise-wide database or data warehouse or be more specialized. A data mart is a repository of data gathered from operational data and other sources that is designed to serve a particular community of knowledge workers. The data may derive from an enterprise-wide database or data warehouse or be more specialized. Literally, On-Line Analytical Processing. Designates a category of applications and technologies that allow the collection, storage, manipulation and reproduction of multidimensional data, with the goal of analysis. * A pivot table is a great reporting tool that allows for â€Å"slicing and dicing† data. * REPORT: It gives brief report about output Business Intelligence ETL tools Data Warehouse Marketing Data Mart Finance Data Mart Distribution Data Mart BI OLAP Reports Pivot Table Data gethered FIG 4. ARCHITECTURE OF BI 5. SUCCESS FACTOR OF IMPLEMENTATION Before implementing a BI solution, it is worth taking different factors into consideration before proceeding. According to Kimball et al. , these are the three critical areas that you need to assess within your organization before getting ready to do a BI project: 1. The level of commitment and sponsorship of the project from senior management 2. The level of business need for creating a BI implementation 3. The amount and quality of business data available . 1: BUSINESS SPONSERSHIP The commitment and sponsorship of senior management is according to Kimball et al. , the most important criteria for assessment. This is because having strong management backing helps overcome shortcomings elsewhere in the project. However, as Kimball et al. state: â€Å"even the most elegantly designed DW/BI system cannot overcome a lack of business [management] sponsorship†. It is important that management per sonnel who participate in the project have a vision and an idea of the benefits and drawbacks of implementing a BI system. The best business sponsor should have organizational clout and should be well connected within the organization. It is ideal that the business sponsor is demanding but also able to be realistic and supportive if the implementation runs into delays or drawbacks. The management sponsor also needs to be able to assume accountability and to take responsibility for failures and setbacks on the project. Support from multiple members of the management ensures the project does not fail if one person leaves the steering group. However, having many managers work together on the project can also mean that there are several different interests that attempt to pull the project in different directions, such as if different departments want to put more emphasis on their usage. This issue can be countered by an early and specific analysis of the business areas that benefit the most from the implementation. All stakeholders in project should participate in this analysis in order for them to feel ownership of the project and to find common ground. Another management problem that should be encountered before start of implementation is if the business sponsor is overly aggressive. If the management individual gets carried away by the possibilities of using BI and starts wanting the DW or BI implementation to include several different sets of data that were not included in the original planning phase. However, since extra implementations of extra data may add many months to the original plan, it’s wise to make sure the person from management is aware of his actions. 5. 2: BUSINESS NEEDS Because of the close relationship with senior management, another critical thing that must be assessed before the project begins is whether or not there is a business need and whether there is a clear business benefit by doing the implementation. [15] The needs and benefits of the implementation are sometimes driven by competition and the need to gain an advantage in the market. Another reason for a business-driven approach to implementation of BI is the acquisition of other organizations that enlarge the original organization it can sometimes be beneficial to implement DW or BI in order to create more oversight. Companies that implement BI are often large, multinational organizations with diverse subsidiaries. A well-designed BI solution provides a consolidated view of key business data not available anywhere else in the organization, giving management visibility and control over measures that otherwise would not exist. 5. 3: AMOUNT AND QUALITY OF AVAILABLE DATA Without good data, it does not matter how good the management sponsorship or business-driven motivation is. Without proper data, or with too little quality data, any BI implementation fails. Before implementation it is a ood idea to do data profiling. This analysis identifies the â€Å"content, consistency and structure †of the data. This should be done as early as possible in the process and if the analysis shows that data is lacking, put the project on the shelf temporarily while the IT department figures out how to properly collect data. When planning for business data and business intelligence requirements, it is always ad visable to consider specific scenarios that apply to a particular organization, and then select the business intelligence features best suited for the scenario. Often, scenarios revolve around distinct business processes, each built on one or more data sources. These sources are used by features that present that data as information to knowledge workers, who subsequently act on that information. The business needs of the organization for each business process adopted correspond to the essential steps of business intelligence. These essential steps of business intelligence includes but not limited to: 1. Go through business data sources in order to collect needed data 2. Convert business data to information and present appropriately 3. Query and analyze data 4. Act on those data collected 6. USER ASPECT Some considerations must be made in order to successfully integrate the usage of business intelligence systems in a company. Ultimately the BI system must be accepted and utilized by the users in order for it to add value to the organization. If the usability of the system is poor, the users may become frustrated and spend a considerable amount of time figuring out how to use the system or may not be able to really use the system. If the system does not add value to the users? mission, they simply don’t use it. To increase user acceptance of a BI system, it can be advisable to consult business users at an early stage of the DW/BI lifecycle, for example at the requirements gathering phase. This can provide an insight into the business process and what the users need from the BI system. There are several methods for gathering this information, such as questionnaires and interview sessions. When gathering the requirements from the business users, the local IT department should also be consulted in order to determine to which degree it is possible to fulfill the business’s needs based on the available data. Taking on a user-centered approach throughout the design and development stage may further increase the chance of rapid user adoption of the BI system. Besides focusing on the user experience offered by the BI applications, it may also possibly motivate the users to utilize the system by adding an element of competition. Kimball suggests implementing a function on the business intellegence website where reports on system usage can be found. By doing so, managers can see how well their departments are doing and compare themselves to others and this may spur them to encourage their staff to utilize the BI system even more. In a 2007 article, H. J. Watson gives an example of how the competitive element can act as an incentive. ] Watson describes how a large call centre implemented performance dashboards for all call agents, with monthly incentive bonuses tied to performance metrics. Also, agents could compare their performance to other team members. The implementation of this type of performance measurement and competition significantly improved agent performance. BI chances of success can be improved by involving senior management to help make BI a part of the organizational culture, and by providing the users with necessary tools, training, and support. Training encourages more people to use the BI application. Providing user support is necessary to maintain the BI system and resolve user problems. User support can be incorporated in many ways, for example by creating a website. The website should contain great content and tools for finding the necessary information. Furthermore, helpdesk support can be used. The help desk can be manned by power users or the DW/BI project team. . MARKET PLACE There are a number of business intelligence vendors, often categorized into the remaining independent â€Å"pure-play† vendors and consolidated â€Å"megavendors† that have entered the market through a recent trend of acquisitions in the BI industry. Some companies adopting BI software decide to pick and choose from different product offer ings (best-of-breed) rather than purchase one comprehensive integrated solution (full-service). 7. 1:INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC Specific considerations for business intelligence systems have to be taken in some sectors such as government, banking, hospitality, hotel chain. The information collected by banking institutions and analyzed with BI software must be protected from some groups or individuals, while being fully available to other groups or individuals. Therefore BI solutions must be sensitive to those needs and be flexible enough to adapt to new regulations and changes to existing law. 8. SEMI-STRUCTURED OR UNSTRUCTURED DATA Businesses create a huge amount of valuable information in the form of e-mails, memos, notes from call-centers, news, user groups, chats, reports, web-pages, presentations, image-files, video-files, and marketing material and news. According to Merrill Lynch, more than 85% of all business information exists in these forms. These information types are called either semi-structured or unstructured data. However, organizations often only use these documents once. The management of semi-structured data is recognized as a major unsolved problem in the information technology industry. According to projections from Gartner (2003), white collar workers spend anywhere from 30 to 40 percent of their time searching, finding and assessing unstructured data. BI uses both structured and unstructured data, but the former is easy to search, and the latter contains a large quantity of the information needed for analysis and decision making. Because of the difficulty of properly searching, finding and assessing unstructured or semi-structured data, organizations may not draw upon these vast reservoirs of information, which could influence a particular decision, task or project. This can ultimately lead to poorly informed decision making. Therefore, when designing a business intelligence/DW-solution, the specific problems associated with semi-structured and unstructured data must be accommodated for as well as those for the structured data 8. 1: SEMI-STRUCTURED VS UNSTRUCTURED DATA Unstructured and semi-structured data have different meanings depending on their context. In the context of relational database systems, unstructured data cannot be stored in predictably ordered colums and rows. One type of unstructured data is typically stored in a BLOB(binary large object), a catch-all data type available in most relation database management systems. Unstructured data may also refer to irregularly or randomly repeated column patterns that vary from row to row within each file or document. Many of these data types, however, like e-mails, word processing text files, PPTs, image-files, and video-files conform to a standard that offers the possibility of metadata. Metadata can include information such as author and time of creation, and this can be stored in a relational database. Therefore it may be more accurate to talk about this as semi-structured documents or data, but no specific consensus seems to have been reached. Unstructured data can also simply be the knowledge that business users have about future business trends. Business forecasting naturally aligns with the BI system because business users think of their business in aggregate terms. Capturing the business knowledge that may only exist in the minds of business users provides some of the most important data points for a complete BI solution. 8. 2: PROBLEMS WITH SEMI-STRUCTURED OR UNSTRUCTURED DATA There are several challenges to developing BI with semi-structured data. According to Inmon ; Nesavich, some of those are: 1. Physically accessing unstructured textual data – unstructured data is stored in a huge variety of formats. 2. Terminology– Among researchers and analysts, there is a need to develop a standardized terminology. 3. Volume of data – As stated earlier, up to 85% of all data exists as semi-structured data. Couple that with the need for word-to-word and semantic analysis. 4. Searchability of unstructured textual data – A simple search on some data, e. g. apple, results in links where there is a reference to that precise search term. (Inmon ; Nesavich, 2008)[25] gives an example: â€Å"a search is made on the term felony. In a simple search, the term felony is used, and everywhere there is a reference to felony, a hit to an unstructured document is made. But a simple search is crude. It does not find references to crime, arson, murder, embezzlement, vehicular homicide, and such, even though these crimes are types of felonies. † 8. 3: THE USE OF MATADATA To solve problems with searchability and assessment of data, it is necessary to know something about the content. This can be done by adding context through the use of metedataMany systems already capture some metadata (e. g. filename, author, size, etc. , but more useful would be metadata about the actual content – e. g. summaries, topics, people or companies mentioned. Two technologies designed for generating metadata about content are automatic catagorision and information extraction. 9. USES AND EXAMPLES OF BI 9. 1 WHICH TYPE OF COMPANY USE IT? * Hotel/restaurant chain. They use for prediction of menu,from that they know that which dis hes customer wants regularly or ocasanaly,they know that which restaurant not working properly and which in lost so they will close that and they know that which restaurant in profit so they expand it. Food chain/Retail stores They use BI tool for better market place. they use it for better supply chain management and efficient transportation and warehousing. By this tool authority knows about stocks in warehouse, which product have good response at which shop so provide a better stock their. they know about various product stock by just clicking away not to check for it. Wall mart, Relience fresh use business intelligence. For better profit and selling. 9. 2 EXAMPLES OF BI : 1 . Microsoft business intelligence 2. pantaho 3. oracle business intelligence 10. BENIFITS AND DISADVANTAGES 10. 1 BENIFITS 1. Continuous improvement of design making capabilities used to increase revenue ; reduce cost 2. Better tools for knowledge worker 3. Leverage the amount of captured transactions ; operation data 4. Multidimensional analysis 5. Ad-hoc status reporting ; what-if scenarios 6. Intuitive user interface 7. Customer behavior 8. Sales force analysis 9. Market ; customer penetration 10. Product ; service life cycle analysis 11. Budgeting ; planning 12. Business performance 13. Customer click stream information 4. Integration of traditional business ; e-business 15. HR performance evaluation 16. Compression analysis 17. Workforce planning ; optimization 10. 2 DISADVANTAGES : 1. Cost 2. Pilling of historical data 3. Complexity 4. Limited use 11. FUTURE A 2009 Gartner paper predicted these developments in the business intelligence market: * Because of lack of information, processes, and tools, through 2012, more than 35 percent of the top 5,000 global companies regularly fail to make insightful decisions about significant changes in their business and markets. By 2012, business units will control at least 40 percent of the total budget for business intelligence. * By 2012, one-third of analytic applications applied to business processes will be delivered through coarse graind application mashups. A 2009 Information Management special report predicted the top BI trends: â€Å"cloud computing, social networking, data visulization, mobili BI, predictive analitic, cloud compiting and multitouch. † Other business intelligence trends include the following: How to cite Business Intelligence, Papers